During the Hunting stage there was no sound of Human Elephant Conflict. In that stage the main problem was how to find the food and this problem began with shepherd age, in together with Agriculture as there were no any other jobs.
One of the major reason for the start up that both humans and elephants food was same. And the humans began cultivating in one place close by reservoirs so as these are the places where elephants also roamed. During the migration period of Aryans from India the people's cultivation was increased and the people use to clear the jungles when the elephant use to pass by, So when the elephants use to move over the paddy fields they manage to find their food from those fields.
As we being aware of those days the human Spread very minimal and both the population had ample of living areas and easily there were manage o found their food. With the development of Colonization, gradually the humans invaded the animal's habitation. In order to protect the Cultivation, human's began to chase the elephants away from the cultivated areas. Not only cultivation due to other man made projects such as Galoya, Mahaweli we limited the elephants freedom to a smaller area. To gain wore lands free from elephants the humans invented lot of methods such as primitive methods (shouting, heating, fire and the sounds of the other animals, charms and so on) and later the sophisticated methods like electrocuted fences, and fire stimulated came into use.
After chasing all the elephants they are competed to gather the areas such as Ampara, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, and Those areas are the less populated areas with the development of the human habitants the people also moved into the same areas where the elephants competed to live. With the development of trade there again people tend to move to the areas where the elephants roam and the conflict got a new mood with the growth of the commercial crops such as Tea, Rubber, Coffee and Spices again the people largely acquire the areas where elephants freely roamed in So like this the friendship between the man and the elephants gradually declined.
In latter stages to chase away the wild elephant's peoples used tamed elephants also and that worsened the Human – Elephants collision. As we know the elephants are very wise set of animals and when they move a round they stick on to particular track system but when humans had their development they were compelled to block these elephants avenues due to their construction, fencing and other projects with this elephants compelled to break these new constructions and also aggravated their grievance against the human.
When we analyses this human – Elephant struggle from individual's aspect both have not thought to harm each other but for survival of each other, they are compelled to attack each other. After humans arrived and started their settlements, and especially with advent of irrigated agriculture. For thousand years, people have been converting mature closed canopy forests in the dry zone into agricultural fields. They have been damming rivers, tributaries and streams to make numerous reservoirs or tanks. While shifting agriculture practiced for thousands of years created and maintained ideal habitats for elephants, irrigated agriculture was a permanent form of land use which excluded elephants.
However with the rise and fall of centers of civilization through history, even such permanent agricultural areas were periodically abandoned and turned into regenerating forests. this means the dry zone habitats in sri lanka are not pristine forests but those that have arisen after land use by humans centuries ago. over the past few thousand years, such habitat change by humans have created conditions ideal for species such as water birds, amphibians, water monitors, crocodiles as well as elephants. this is the main reason why even today sri lanka supports such a proportionately high density of elephants for an island with limited land area.
Around 13th century AD' the civilization in the dry zone gradually declined, and the center of civilization slowly shifted to the wet zone. from the 16th century, the came under colonial rule, during which period the wet zone became populated. large scale land-use changes took place due to the growing of cash crops, while the targeted killing of elephants practically eliminated them from the wet zone. today the last wet zone elephants are found in the remnant forests of the peak wilderness.
Present Situation
According to the data of the wild life conservation department in Germany-Italy 2000 in taken into account the number of details only in the North-West wild life zone is 55. By December it was 65 by the first 6 months of 2000 another 23 elephants have been killed in Mahaweli areas. In the South was 8, 4 in the East, Yala, Boondala it was 3. The contract post it was 1.
In the second part of their look you concerned a number of 5 stories collected after programming all the 4 corners of the island. They will make you understood the forcible caused to features by elephants and caused by those who are environmental. The thieve was course for our hands and open their eyes and protect these animals who get themselves killed. When remaining about in search of food for their hungry.
It is a national requirement like in India to establish your folk with food, grass and water required by their. In the national declaration that they start has now published these are so many short comings. There is a scheme to capture killer elephants and rehabilitate them. It is necessary to think now useful that will be tourist call Sri Lanka the country where there are elephants those who cause to this country and to see them thrown of dollars. There is a leader of the remaining few elephants those are in the jungles. The national elephant policy should evolve around there and their means of live hood. We will read a few stories depleting the elephant-human conflict from here onwards.
One of the major reason for the start up that both humans and elephants food was same. And the humans began cultivating in one place close by reservoirs so as these are the places where elephants also roamed. During the migration period of Aryans from India the people's cultivation was increased and the people use to clear the jungles when the elephant use to pass by, So when the elephants use to move over the paddy fields they manage to find their food from those fields.
As we being aware of those days the human Spread very minimal and both the population had ample of living areas and easily there were manage o found their food. With the development of Colonization, gradually the humans invaded the animal's habitation. In order to protect the Cultivation, human's began to chase the elephants away from the cultivated areas. Not only cultivation due to other man made projects such as Galoya, Mahaweli we limited the elephants freedom to a smaller area. To gain wore lands free from elephants the humans invented lot of methods such as primitive methods (shouting, heating, fire and the sounds of the other animals, charms and so on) and later the sophisticated methods like electrocuted fences, and fire stimulated came into use.
After chasing all the elephants they are competed to gather the areas such as Ampara, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, and Those areas are the less populated areas with the development of the human habitants the people also moved into the same areas where the elephants competed to live. With the development of trade there again people tend to move to the areas where the elephants roam and the conflict got a new mood with the growth of the commercial crops such as Tea, Rubber, Coffee and Spices again the people largely acquire the areas where elephants freely roamed in So like this the friendship between the man and the elephants gradually declined.
In latter stages to chase away the wild elephant's peoples used tamed elephants also and that worsened the Human – Elephants collision. As we know the elephants are very wise set of animals and when they move a round they stick on to particular track system but when humans had their development they were compelled to block these elephants avenues due to their construction, fencing and other projects with this elephants compelled to break these new constructions and also aggravated their grievance against the human.
When we analyses this human – Elephant struggle from individual's aspect both have not thought to harm each other but for survival of each other, they are compelled to attack each other. After humans arrived and started their settlements, and especially with advent of irrigated agriculture. For thousand years, people have been converting mature closed canopy forests in the dry zone into agricultural fields. They have been damming rivers, tributaries and streams to make numerous reservoirs or tanks. While shifting agriculture practiced for thousands of years created and maintained ideal habitats for elephants, irrigated agriculture was a permanent form of land use which excluded elephants.
However with the rise and fall of centers of civilization through history, even such permanent agricultural areas were periodically abandoned and turned into regenerating forests. this means the dry zone habitats in sri lanka are not pristine forests but those that have arisen after land use by humans centuries ago. over the past few thousand years, such habitat change by humans have created conditions ideal for species such as water birds, amphibians, water monitors, crocodiles as well as elephants. this is the main reason why even today sri lanka supports such a proportionately high density of elephants for an island with limited land area.
Around 13th century AD' the civilization in the dry zone gradually declined, and the center of civilization slowly shifted to the wet zone. from the 16th century, the came under colonial rule, during which period the wet zone became populated. large scale land-use changes took place due to the growing of cash crops, while the targeted killing of elephants practically eliminated them from the wet zone. today the last wet zone elephants are found in the remnant forests of the peak wilderness.
Present Situation
According to the data of the wild life conservation department in Germany-Italy 2000 in taken into account the number of details only in the North-West wild life zone is 55. By December it was 65 by the first 6 months of 2000 another 23 elephants have been killed in Mahaweli areas. In the South was 8, 4 in the East, Yala, Boondala it was 3. The contract post it was 1.
In the second part of their look you concerned a number of 5 stories collected after programming all the 4 corners of the island. They will make you understood the forcible caused to features by elephants and caused by those who are environmental. The thieve was course for our hands and open their eyes and protect these animals who get themselves killed. When remaining about in search of food for their hungry.
It is a national requirement like in India to establish your folk with food, grass and water required by their. In the national declaration that they start has now published these are so many short comings. There is a scheme to capture killer elephants and rehabilitate them. It is necessary to think now useful that will be tourist call Sri Lanka the country where there are elephants those who cause to this country and to see them thrown of dollars. There is a leader of the remaining few elephants those are in the jungles. The national elephant policy should evolve around there and their means of live hood. We will read a few stories depleting the elephant-human conflict from here onwards.
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